An Ultrasound Speckle Tracking (Two-Dimensional Strain) Analysis of Myocardial Deformation in Professional Soccer Players Compared With Healthy Subjects and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Deformation analysis using 2-dimensional strain echocardiography can detect early systolic function abnormalities in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy. This study was designed to characterize global and regional myocardial deformation using 2-dimensional strain in professional soccer players (PSPs) compared with control subjects and patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HC). Twenty nine PSPs, 26 patients with HC, and 17 controls were investigated at rest using transthoracic echocardiography with 2-dimensional strain analysis. Radial and transverse strains were significantly higher in PSPs compared with controls, whereas longitudinal strain was lower. Compared with patients with HC, athletes had higher values for transverse, radial, and circumferential strains. In pathologic hypertrophic segments, longitudinal strain was lower in patients with HC than in PSPs. In conclusion, 2-dimensional strain can identify specific patterns of myocardial deformation in PSPs, controls, and patients with HC. It has the potential to become a routinely used method for the differentiation of athlete’s heart and HC.