Utility of Strain Echocardiography at Rest and After Stress Testing in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia

The introduction of speckle tracking imaging (STI) allowed the quantification of the regional myocardial function in the right ventricular (RV) free wall using deformation parameters. We sought to evaluate the potential utility of STI at rest and after stress to predict arrhythmogenic RV dysplasia (ARVD). We studied 19 patients with ARVD (diagnosed according to the task force criteria) and 19 healthy age- and gender-matched subjects. Both 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional echocardiography were performed. The RV and left ventricular annular peak systolic velocities were measured using tissue Doppler imaging. The RV-left ventricular peak systolic longitudinal strain (LS) was obtained in the basal, mid, and apical segments in the apical 4-chamber view using STI. An exercise stress-echocardiographic test was undertaken using bicycle ergometry with the patient in the supine position for all patients, and the indexes were assessed at peak effort. The STI measurements were determined using offline analysis programs. The 3-dimensional RV ejection fraction and strain were significantly lower in patients with ARVD than in the controls. The RV strain values at rest did not change significantly during maximum physical effort in the patients with ARVD. The receiver operating characteristic curves suggested that the thresholds offering an adequate compromise between sensitivity and specificity for the detection of ARVD were 9.35 cm/s for the RV annular peak systolic velocity (area under the curve 0.81), 42% for 3-dimensional RV ejection fraction (area under the curve 0.85), −25% for mean global RV-LS (area under the curve 0.86), −18% for the lowest peak systolic RV-LS (area under the curve 0.88), and −1.2 for peak minus baseline global change of stress RV-LS (area under the curve 0.92). In conclusion, STI at rest and during stress might enable quantitative assessment of RV function and the detection of ARVD and have potential clinical value in the treatment of these patients.