Electrical–thermal–luminous–chromatic model of phosphor-converted white light-emitting diodes

The drive of increased electrical currents to achieve high luminous output for phosphor-converted white light-emitting diodes (PW-LED) has led to a series of thermal problems. The light performance of PW-LED is affected by the heat generated by the two major sources in a package/module: chip(s) and phosphors. In this work, spectral shift and consequent color properties change due to the increased temperature during operation were studied by a group of experiments. An electrical–thermal–luminous–chromatic (E–T–L–C) model was then developed to predict the light performance with thermal management under in-situ temperature. The model was then validated by integrated analyses of common LED packages. Besides, the model can also be used to analyze the thermal performance and light quality due to thickness and particle density variation of phosphors. The proposed dynamic E–T–L–C model can definitely benefit the design of future HB LEDs for better light quality.