Effect of slow freezing on morphology and developmental competence of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) immature oocytes

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of three cryoprotectants, dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), ethylene glycol (EG) and 1,2-propanediol (PROH), each used at two concentrations (1.0 and 1.5 M) on the morphology, maturation rate and developmental capacity of usable quality immature buffalo oocytes subjected to slow freezing. The addition of the cryoprotectant before freezing and its dilution after thawing were carried out in a two- (for 1.0 M) or three-step manner (for 1.5 M). The incidence of damage was found to be significantly higher (P < 0.05) with the lower concentration of 1.0 M, compared to that with 1.5 M for all the three cryoprotectants examined. The proportion of immature oocytes recovered in a morphologically normal state was significantly higher (P < 0.05) for DMSO than those for EG or PROH at both 1.0 and 1.5 M concentrations. Among the six combinations evaluated, that of DMSO at 1.5 M concentration was found to be superior to others. Irrespective of the type or concentration of the cryoprotectant, partial or complete loss of the cumulus mass was the most prevalent damage. Following in vitro maturation, the nuclear maturation rate was significantly higher (P < 0.05) for DMSO than those for EG or PROH at both 1.0 and 1.5 M concentrations. When the in vitro matured oocytes were subjected to in vitro fertilization after slow freezing, using 1.5 M DMSO as cryoprotectant, 4.5% and 0.6% of them were able to develop to morulae and blastocysts, respectively, on Day 9 post insemination, compared to 19.2% and 10.6%, respectively, for the controls. In conclusion, DMSO was more effective than EG or PROH for the slow freezing of immature buffalo oocytes and blastocysts could be produced from immature buffalo oocytes subjected to slow freezing in 1.5 M DMSO.