Optimisation of the solvent extraction of phenolic antioxidants from fruits of Euterpe oleracea using Response Surface Methodology

Fruits of Euterpe oleracea (FEO) are currently known as elements that present a very high antioxidant activity (AAO), as measured by the Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity. They are particularly rich in total phenolics (TP) and total anthocyanins (TA). Response Surface Methodology was used to optimise the solvent extraction of phenolic antioxidants from FEO, using a second-order polynomial equation to describe the experimental data for TP, TA, and AAO. In order to determine the best solid-to-liquid ratio and time of extraction, some preliminary studies were conducted. A rotatable central composite design with three variables (ethanol proportion, hydrochloric acid concentration and temperature) was then used. The results showed a good fit to the proposed model (R2 > 0.89). TP and TA, as well as TA and AAO, showed significant correlations (P < 0.05). The optimised conditions that maximized the yields of phenolic compounds (TP and TA) and AAO from FEO were: ethanol proportion between 70% and 80%, hydrochloric acid concentration between 0.065 and 0.074 mol/L and a temperature of 58 °C.