The formation and characterisation of an asymmetric nanofiltration membrane for ammonia–nitrogen removal: Effect of shear rate

The focus of this research is to study the potential of nanofiltration membrane technology in removing ammonia–nitrogen from the aquaculture system. One of the major fabrication parameters that directly affect the separation performance is shear rate or casting rate during membrane fabrication. In this study, asymmetric polyethersulfone (PES) nanofiltration membranes were prepared at five different shear rates within the range of 67–400 s−1. Membrane productivity and separation performance were assessed via pure water, salt and ammonia–nitrogen permeation experiments, and their structural properties were determined by employing the combination of the irreversible thermodynamic (IT) model, solution diffusion model, steric hindrance pore (SHP) model and Teorell–Meyers (TMS) model. The study reveals that the alteration of shear rate enormously affects the membrane morphology and structural parameters, hence subsequently significantly influencing the membrane performance. It was found that, membrane produced at the shear rate 200 s−1 or equivalent to 10 s of casting speed during membrane fabrications managed to remove about 68% of ammonia–nitrogen, in which its separation performance is the most favourable by means of highest flux and rejection ability towards unwanted solutes. Besides, from the research findings, nano-membrane technology is a potential candidate for the treatment of aquaculture wastewater.