Two stages catalytic pyrolysis of refuse derived fuel: Production of biofuel via syncrude

Thermo-catalytic pyrolysis of refuse derived fuels with different catalysts had been conducted in a two stages process due to its important potential value as fuel. The first stage was a pure thermal pyrolysis in a horizontal tubular reactor with feed rate of 0.5 kg hourly. The second stage was a semi-batch process in the presence of catalysts. Results showed that the tested catalysts significantly have affected the quantity of products. E.g. gas yield could be increased with 350% related to the catalyst free case using ZSM-5, while that of pyrolytic oil was 115% over Y-zeolite. Gases consisted of mainly CO and CO2 obtained from the tubular reactor, while dominantly hydrocarbons from the second stage. Ni–Mo-catalyst and Co–Mo-catalyst had shown activity in pyrolytic oil upgrading via in-situ hydrogenation–dehydrogenation reactions. Sulphur, nitrogen and chlorine level in pyrolytic oils could be significantly declined by using of catalysts.