Biotreatability of wastewater generated during machinery washing in a wood-based industry: COD, formaldehyde and nitrogen removal

This paper describes biotreatability tests for treating a wastewater stream generated by wood-floor industries after cleaning and washing of machinery used to apply urea–formaldehyde resins onto wood-fiber boards. A biological system consisting of an anaerobic – intermittently aerated reactor in lab-scale was constructed. Since the investigated wastewater is intermittently generated, the system was designed to operate in batch mode. The treatment focused on removal of formaldehyde and COD, as well as the efficiency of nitrification–denitrification. The proposed cheap and relatively simple-to-operate biological system achieved COD and formaldehyde removal rates of 65 ± 11% and 93 ± 4% respectively. In spite of anaerobic ammonium removal and denitrification, the intermittently-aerated reactor showed poor performance for nitrification. Therefore, a better understanding of constraints for the process improvement is necessary. Regardless the constraints faced during the investigation, the proposed system can be considered feasible to partially reduce a great amount of biodegradable compounds in urea–formaldehyde-based wastewaters. However, to comply with strict threshold limits for industrial effluent discharges, the use of biological treatment combined with more advanced processes is needed to achieve a better quality of the final effluent.