Mathematical modeling of hydrolysate diffusion and utilization in cellulolytic biofilms of the extreme thermophile Caldicellulosiruptor obsidiansis

In this study, a hydrolysate diffusion and utilization model was developed to examine factors influencing cellulolytic biofilm morphology. Model simulations using Caldicellulosiruptor obsidiansis revealed that the cellulolytic biofilm needs to generate more hydrolysate than it consumes to establish a higher than bulk solution intra-biofilm substrate concentration to support its growth. This produces a hydrolysate surplus that diffuses through the thin biofilm structure into the bulk solution, which gives rise to a uniform growth rate and hence the homogeneous morphology of the cellulolytic biofilm. Model predictions were tested against experimental data from a cellulose-fermenting bioreactor and the results were consistent with the model prediction and indicated that only a small fraction (10–12%) of the soluble hydrolysis products are utilized by the biofilm. The factors determining the rate-limiting step of cellulolytic biofilm growth are also analyzed and discussed.