Structural comparison and enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of the cellulosic preparation from Populus tomentosa Carr., by different cellulose-soluble solvent systems

This study aims to establish an efficient pretreatment process using cellulose-dissolution solvents to enhance the enzymatic saccharification. LiOH/urea, LiCl/DMAc, concentrated phosphoric acid, ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride; [BMIM]Cl) and N-methyl-morpholine-N-oxide (NMMO) were selected as the cellulose dissolution agents. Except the cellulosic sample regenerated from LiCl/DMAc system, all the other treated samples exhibited lower cellulose crystallinity and degree of polymerization (DP), and consequently, exhibited a significant enhancement on enzymatic hydrolysis kinetic. Ionic liquid pretreatment offered unique advantages in the hydrolysis rate in the first 10 h, probably due to the extensively structural transformation of cellulose from the crystalline to the amorphous region. Meanwhile, the regenerated cellulose from concentrated phosphoric acid almost completely consisted of cellulose II, and achieved the highest saccharification yield.