Effect of Fe3O4 on morphology of Fe–SnO2 hyperbranched heterostructures

A simple modified thermal evaporation technique is employed for the synthesis of microstructured Fe:SnO2 system and their plausible growth mechanism has been proposed based on the results from various characterization techniques. Such structures grow in two steps; initially, growth of Fe core takes place from Fe3O4 source which acts as nucleating site for SnO2 growth on its surface as per the vapor–liquid–solid progression. Moreover, the composition of Fe/Sn source and temperature are found to have key roles in governing their morphology. XPS studies clearly demonstrate the presence of Fe species, which acts as a catalyst along with source for hetero-structure growth with SnO2.