Novel biodegradable nanocomposite based on XG-g-PAM/SiO2: Application of an efficient adsorbent for Pb2+ ions from aqueous solution

This article highlights the development of a novel nanocomposite based on nanosilica filled modified natural polymer (i.e. xanthan gum grafted with polyacrylamide:XG-g-PAM) for removal of Pb2+ ions from aqueous solution. The chemical, structural, textural, and rheological characteristics of the nanocomposite (XG-g-PAM/SiO2) revealed stronger interaction of silica nanoparticles with polymer matrix and showed maximum adsorption capacity (Qmax = 537.634 mg g−1) of Pb2+ ion, which is significantly higher than other reported adsorbents. This developed novel material also finds potential application as an efficient adsorbent for the treatment of battery industry wastewater. The enhanced adsorption efficiency may be because of its higher hydrodynamic radius and hydrodynamic volume. The adsorption kinetic parameters were best described by pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption equilibrium data fitted well with Langmuir isotherm. The thermodynamic studies confirm that the adsorption is spontaneous and endothermic. Desorption studies affirmed the regenerative efficacy of loaded Pb2+.