Flocculation of precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) by cationic tapioca starch with different charge densities. II: Population balance modeling

A population balance model to describe the flocculation of PCC by two cationic tapioca starches is presented. The model takes into account aggregation, floc breakage and floc restructure. Floc strength as indicated by energy dissipation rate was also evaluated. It was found that the high charge density starch relates to lower collision efficiency, lower restructure rate and higher floc strength (higher energy dissipation rate) compared to the case with the low charge density starch. Lower energy dissipation rate was needed to break the flocs at higher temperature for both starches. On the other hand, the high charge starch was more likely to be negatively affected by the background electrolyte NaCl. The collision efficiency decreased with the increase of the shear rate for both starches. The difference of charge, starch morphology on PCC surface and the charge suppression effect were employed to interpret the results.