Effect of corn oil and amylose on the thermal properties of native soy protein and commercial soy protein isolate

Differential scanning colorimetry (DSC) was used to estimate thermal property differences between a commercial soy protein isolate (SPI) and milled defatted soy protein flour (MDF). The measurements were determined in the presence of 15, 20, 25, and 30% corn oil and 2, 4, and 6% amylose. SDS-PAGE showed that the SPI material contains aggregates as a result of the isolation procedures and processing. Upon DSC, this protein isolate showed a 7S protein transition peak at 77 °C and an 11S peak at 170 °C, while the MDF sample had a 7S peak at 69 °C and 11S peak at 177 °C. The MDF sample showed ΔH values 4 times greater than that of the SPI sample. These values reflect the effect of the isolation process on the protein. In the presence of corn oil, the MDF sample showed three transition peaks while the SPI sample displayed only two. The MDF sample demonstrated more interaction with oil than did the SPI sample. The change in the ΔH was reflective of this interaction. The addition of amylose to the SPI sample resulted in the appearance of a third peak. Amylose had a mixed effect on the two proteins; peaks of the same protein reacted differently to amylose level. Increasing the amylose level had the most influence on the third peak of the MDF sample. Amylose influence on the two proteins was attributed to a reduction of the amount of free oil in the system.