Performance management in unionized settings

While many employees in the industrial world work in unionized workplaces, the field has often failed to fully examine human resource management (HRM) practices in unionized settings. In this paper, we attempt to integrate the areas of HRM and industrial relations (IR), through an examination of performance management in unionized workplaces. Specifically, we examine the literatures concerning performance appraisal, goal setting, and organizational performance management for insights into how these areas have played out in unionized settings. We also carve out areas for future research.