Antibody immobilization to phospholipid polymer layer on gold substrate of quartz crystal microbalance immunosensor

To modify gold electrode for immunosensor to construct an artificial cell membrane structure, water-soluble amphiphilic phospholipid polymer, poly[2-methacryloyloxyehtyl phosphorylcholine-co-n-butyl methacrylate-co-p-nitrophenyloxycarbonyl poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (PMBN)] was applied. The polymer had active ester groups for immobilization of biomolecules and it was converted partially to thiol groups for binding to gold substrates. The partially thiolated PMBN was adsorbed on a gold electrode of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). Surface characterization of adsorbed PMBN layers was thoroughly investigated with reflectance anisotropy spectroscopy, ellipsometry spectroscopy, dynamic contact angle and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. Among several PMBN, having different degree of thiolation, it was concluded that 21.5% thiolated PMBN layer had the most well-ordered phosphorylcholine groups in its outer surface. The proteins adsorption test revealed that the phosphorylcholine group on the outer side of PMBN layers, which was substituted their active ester groups by glycine, showed suppress the non-specific adsorption of proteins, such as bovine serum albumin and γ-globulin. Also, through antigen–antibody binding evaluation, the anti-C-reactive protein antibody immobilized on the PMBN surface worked well and it was confirmed that denaturation of the antibody on the PMBN layers was hardly occurred in spite of 60 days storage at 4 °C. The antibody conjugated phospholipid polymer layer with well-ordered phosphorylcholine group could be outstanding functional membrane for biomedical diagnostic devices without non-specific binding and reduction of immunologic activity of immobilized antibody.