Surface potential of phosphoinositide membranes: Comparison between theory and experiment

Surface potential of lipid membranes made of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and one of the phosphoinositides (PPI); PI, PIP or PIP2, was studied by using the electrophoretic mobility of these lipid membrane vesicles, and a theoretical model of the surface potential developed for these membranes containing PPIs. By using the measured ζ-potential for the PI/PC membranes and a well-known surface potential theory, the inositol ring of the PI molecule was found to extend into the aqueous phase approximately normal to the membrane surface for various PI/PC ratios investigated. The outer edge of the inositol ring is located at about 5.2 Å from the phosphate group conjugated with the glycerol of the phospholipids. The inositol group was slightly tilted from the membrane normal direction. For both PIP/PC and PIP2/PC membranes, the analyses of surface potential using the measured ζ-potential values and the surface potential theory which was developed for these membranes gave consistent results with respect to the slipping layer distance from the second surface charge layer. The conclusion is that the experimental data can be fairly well resolved by using a linearized Poisson–Boltzmann surface potential equation set up for a PPI/PC membrane model up to a certain concentration of PPI in PC membranes. Our theoretical model made for these membrane surface potentials seems to be reasonable for analysis of electrical surface phenomena for these PPI/PC membranes containing small concentrations of PPI molecules.