Biocompatibility studies on polyaniline and polyaniline–silver nanoparticle coated polyurethane composite

Biocompatibility of medical grade polyurethane coated with polyaniline (PANi) and polyaniline–silver nanoparticle composite (PANi–AgNp) is reported here. These modified films showed 23 and 18% of 3T3 L1 cell death when compared to 41% with virgin polyurethane (PU) after 48 h of incubation, respectively. All the surfaces elucidated inflammatory response in the form of enhanced expressions of the proinflammatory cytokines genes, TNF-α and IL-6. But these values were less (by 20%) on modified films than on the bare PU. Attachment of Pseudomonas and Bacillus were markedly less on PANi–AgNp coated surface (by 90.6 and 50.5%, respectively) when compared to the uncoated PU. As the CFU counts decreases on the nanoparticle coated PU, the adsorbed carbohydrate as well as protein content on to the surface of polymer decreases accordingly, indicating less attachment. A 20% reduction in the thickness of biofilm was observed in PANi–AgNp coated PU surface. A very strong positive correlation is observed between the contact angles of the polymers and the various biological parameters (namely colony forming units, protein, carbohydrate, cell death and inflammatory response), indicating hydrophilic surfaces prevent bacterial biofilm as well as are compatible to cells when compared to hydrophobic surfaces. Coating PU with PANi and PANi + AgNp renders the surface conductive, suggesting potential application in electrochemical biosensors. In addition, these modifications make the surface more biocompatible than the original PU.