Carbon nanotubes incorporated with sol–gel derived La(OH)3 nanorods as platform to simultaneously determine ascorbic acid, dopamine, uric acid and nitrite

A novel material, sol–gel derived La(OH)3 nanorods (La(OH)3NRs) with excellent film forming ability was prepared, and it was first designed to incorporate with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to modify glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to simultaneously voltammetric determine ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine (DA), uric acid (UA), and nitrite (NO2−). Cyclic voltammetry (CV), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were employed to characterize the sensor. Under optimal conditions, the linear response range for AA, DA, UA, and NO2− were 0.5 μmol L−1 to 1.46 mmol L−1, 50 nmol L−1 to 35.36 μmol L−1, 50 nmol L−1 to 0.79 mmol L−1, and 0.55 μmol L−1 to 0.72 mmol L−1, respectively and the detection limits were 1.67 μmol L−1, 1.67 nmol L−1, 1.67 nmol L−1, and 0.18 μmol L−1. The sensor demonstrated well stability, high selectivity and sensitivity. More importance, this material can be extended to construct other electrochemical sensors by the immobilization of enzymes and antibodies.