Effect of calcium cation on lipid vesicle deposition on silicon dioxide surface under various thermal conditions

Calcium cation (Ca2+) is a key element to the cell membrane functions. Its effects on liquid crystal vesicle deposition have already been learnt. In this study, it is found that Ca2+ can also influence the gel vesicle deposition by controlling the vesicle rupture and fusion on SiO2 at temperatures lower than the main transition temperature. Particular analyses were given to the vesicle–SiO2 and inter-vesicle attractions that are originated from the Ca2+ bridging effect. It is concluded that the aggregate condition of vesicles should be taken into consideration when dealing with vesicle deposition on a solid substrate.