Pyronin Y (basic xanthene dye)-bentonite composite: A spectroscopic study

The expansion by 1.43 Angstrom of basal spacing and the shift to higher frequencies of in-plane ring vibrations of the Pyronin Y molecule at 1603 and 1527 cm−1 on the formation of Pyronin Y-bentonite composite exhibited that the dye cations might be oriented as a monolayer form in the interlamellar spacing with aromatic rings parallel to clay layers. Thermal analysis results of this composite compared to those of raw bentonite signified the different outer sphere water entities associated with the replacement of inorganic cations with organic dye cations and the gradual decomposition of the organic molecule in the interlamellar spacing. Thermo-Infrared spectra of Pyronin Y-bentonite sample up to high temperatures showed the thermal stability of the dye–clay composite as a result of the presence of π interactions. The pore structure characteristics of Pyronin Y-bentonite composite exhibited the increase in the number of mesopores during formation of the composite.