Study of the cyclodextrin and its complexation with 2,4-dinitrobenzoic acid through photophysical properties and 2D NMR spectroscopy

The host–guest inclusion complex formation of 2,4-dinitrobenzoic acid (2,4-DNB) with nano-hydrophobic cavity of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) in solution phase were studied by UV–visible spectrophotometer and electrochemical method (cyclic voltammetry, CV). The prototropic behaviors of 2,4-DNB with and without β-CD and the ground state acidity constant (pKa) of host-guest inclusion complex (2,4-DNB-β-CD) was studied. The binding constant of the inclusion complex at 303 K was calculated using Benesi–Hildebrand plot. The solid inclusion complex formation between β-CD and 2,4-DNB was confirmed by 1H NMR, 2D 1H NMR (ROESY), FT-IR, XRD and SEM analysis. A schematic representation of this inclusion process is proposed by molecular docking studies using the patch dock server.