Improved membrane fluidity of ionic polysaccharide bead-supported phospholipid bilayer membrane systems

Supported phospholipid bilayer membranes on polysaccharide-based cationic polymer beads (cationic group: –[OCH2CH(OH)CH2]2N+(CH3)3·X−, 45–165 μm in diameter) were prepared using small unilamellar vesicles from mixtures of phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylcholine (PC). Confocal fluorescence microscopic observations with a fluorescent membrane probe (N-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole-phosphatidylethanolamine) revealed that the phospholipid molecules in the phospholipid-bead complexes were along the outer surface of the beads. The fluidity of the phospholipid bilayer membranes in the PS/PC-bead complexes was investigated by the fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) technique. The lateral diffusion coefficients (D) for the PS/PC-bead complexes were lower than that for the 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine giant unilamellar vesicles without solid supports. Such less fluid membranes in the complexes appeared to be due to the immobilization of the phospholipid bilayer membranes by electrostatic attractive forces between PS and the bead. The D values for the PS/PC-bead complexes were dependent on the phospholipid composition; the PS(100 mol%)/PC(0 mol%)-bead complex had the least fluid membranes among the PS/PC-bead complexes tested in this study. The phospholipid bilayer membranes formed on the polysaccharide-based cationic polymer beads were much more fluid than those on a polystyrene-based one. Furthermore, such fluid phospholipid bilayer membranes formed on the polysaccharide-based cationic polymer bead were maintained for 10 days, even though the complex sample was stood in plain buffer (pH 8.5) at ambient temperature.