Reaction between lawsone and aminophenol derivatives: Synthesis, characterization, molecular structures and antiproliferative activity

Reaction between two bioreductive reactants lawsone (2-hydroxy-1,4-napthoquinone) and derivatives 2-aminophenol without catalyst is reported. The reaction between lawsone and 4-chloro-2-aminophenol leads to formation of red colored major product 1A:[2-[(5-chloro-hydroxyphenyl)amino]naphthalene-1,4-dione] and fluorescent orange colored minor compound 1B:[10-chloro-benzo[α]phenoxazine-5-one]. Molecular structure of 1A and 1B were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Two mechanisms were proposed to the formation of red 1A and 1B. ‘Ortho–para’ tautomeric equilibrium was observed in DMSO-d6 solution in 1A, which was revealed by 1H, 13C NMR and LC-MS studies. Molecules of 1A formed dimers via NH⋯O interaction and polymeric chain of dimers was formed by OH⋯O interactions. Cl⋯Cl interactions were observed between the polymeric chains of dimers in 1A. Molecules of 1B show Cl⋯N interaction. Antiproliferative properties is studied for 1A–5A compounds (obtained by the reaction of lawsone with 2-amino-4-methylphenol;2A, 2-aminophenol;3A, 3-aminophenol;4A and 4-aminophenol;5A) and evaluated against two cancer cell lines, THP1 (human monocytic leukemia cells) and COLO205 (colorectal adenocarcinoma) and one normal cell line, HEK293T (human embryonic kidney). The values of 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of compounds 1A–5A was determined using XTT assay. The cytotoxic effects of compounds 2A and 3A were observed against COLO205 and compounds 4A and 5A on THP1 were observed to be higher in comparison to their effect on HEK293T cell lines.