Extraction of carbamate pesticides in fruit samples by graphene reinforced hollow fibre liquid microextraction followed by high performance liquid chromatographic detection

Graphene reinforced hollow fibre liquid phase microextraction combined with high performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection was developed for the determination of some carbamate pesticides (metolcarb, carbaryl, isoprocarb, and diethofencarb) in fruit samples. The main parameters that affect the extraction efficiency for the carbamates were investigated. Under the optimum conditions, a good linearity was observed in the range of 1.0–100.0 ng g−1 for carbaryl and 3.0–100.0 ng g−1 for the other three analytes, with the correlation coefficients (r) of 0.9965–0.9993. The limits of detection of the method ranged from 0.2 to 1.0 ng g−1. The relative standard deviations were in the range from 6.2% to 7.8%. The results indicated that the developed method is sensitive and efficient for the determination of the carbamate pesticides in fruit samples.