Measuring methods of infinite dilution activity coefficients and a database for systems including water

Experimental techniques for the determination of infinite dilution activity coefficients and their improvements are reviewed. Generally, the measuring techniques can be classified as the indirect and direct methods. The indirect methods include the extrapolations from vapor-liquid equilibrium data and calculations from the other thermodynamic data, such as liquid-liquid equilibrium data, gas-liquid partition coefficient data and so on. The direct methods include the gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) method, headspace GLC method, gas-stripping method, liquid-liquid chromatography method, differential ebulliometry method and differential static method. Also, the most extensively used gas-liquid chromatographic method can be divided into the stationary phase GLC, non-steady-state GLC and relative measurement GLC. A database of infinite dilution activity coefficients, which had been measured and reported by 96 literature sources of journals in the period from 1927 through 1995 for organic compounds in water and water in organic solvents, has also been presented. The database contains a total of 1469 pieces of data of infinite dilution activity coefficients ranging from 283.15 to 373.15 K. No database of infinite dilution activity coefficients for systems including water has been previously reported.