LEADS: A graphical display computer program for linear and electrostatic accelerator beam dynamics simulation

A computer program LEADS (linear and electrostatic accelerator dynamics simulation) has been developed. The code, which is written in about 6600 statements of MS FORTRAN 5.1, is suitable to run on IBM PC and compatible computers; 330 KB of memory is needed to run the code. LEADS calculates beam optical systems consisting of different kinds of electrostatic lenses (including uniform field DC accelerating tubes), dipoles and quadrupoles, single-gap rf resonators, two-gap rf resonators (QWRs: quarter wave resonators) and three-gap rf resonators (SLRs: split loop resonators). Second order terms are included for quadrupoles and dipoles. The effects of a foil charge-stripper on the beams are included also. Powell optimization techniques [1] are used to solve for the given optical conditions. The stability conditions of particle motions in rf periodic structures can be found. Beam envelopes and phase space diagrams both in transverse and longitudinal planes can be displayed graphically on the computer monitor.