Title of article :
Cycling of extracellular DNA in the soil environment
Author/Authors :
Robert H. and Levy-Booth، نويسنده , , David J. and Campbell، نويسنده , , Rachel G. and Gulden، نويسنده , , Robert H. and Hart، نويسنده , , Miranda M. and Powell، نويسنده , , Jeff R. and Klironomos، نويسنده , , John N. and Pauls، نويسنده , , K. Peter and Swanton، نويسنده , , Clarence J. and Trevors، نويسنده , , Jack T. and Dunfield، نويسنده , , Kari E.، نويسنده ,
Abstract :
Upon entering the soil environment, extracellular DNA is subjected to dynamic biological, physical, and chemical factors that determine its fate. This review concerns the fate of both recombinant and non-recombinant sources of DNA. A schematic of DNA cycling coupled with genetic transformation is presented to understand its behavior in soil. Extracellular DNA may persist through cation bridging onto soil minerals and humic substances, be enzymatically degraded and restricted by DNases of microbial origin, and/or enter the microbial DNA cycle through natural transformation of competent bacteria. Lateral gene transfer may disseminate DNA through the microbial community. An understanding of DNA cycling is fundamental to elucidating the fate of extracellular DNA in the soil environment.
Keywords :
extracellular , Gene transfer , recombinant , persistence , soil , transgenic plants , cycle , Degradation , Agriculture , DNA , Natural transformation , Environment , Microorganisms , Bacteria
Journal title :
Astroparticle Physics
