Author/Authors :
Tecchio، نويسنده , , L and Bisoffi، نويسنده , , G and Ciullo، نويسنده , , G and Dainelli، نويسنده , , A and Gustafsson، نويسنده , , S and Moisio، نويسنده , , M.F and Pisent، نويسنده , , A and Poggi، نويسنده , , M and Yang، نويسنده , , B and Burov، نويسنده , , A and Dikansky، نويسنده , , N.S and Pestrikov، نويسنده , , D.V and Parkhomchuk، نويسنده , , V.V and Calabrese، نويسنده , , R and Guidi، نويسنده , , V and Lenisa، نويسنده , , P and Clauser، نويسنده , , T and Lamanna، نويسنده , , G and Rutigliano، نويسنده , , M and Stagno، نويسنده , , V and Variale، نويسنده , , V and Di Massa، نويسنده , , G and Masullo، نويسنده , , M.R and Vaccaro، نويسنده , , V.G and Marinelli، نويسنده , , C and Mariotti، نويسنده , , E and Moi، نويسنده , , L، نويسنده ,
Abstract :
The possibility of generating crystallized ion beams, i.e. beams whose particles are located at fixed positions, has always excited the interest of most people working on particle accelerators. The reason of this interest has many aspects: knowledge either of a completely new research field or of some of the applicative potentialities, connected with crystalline beams, would justify a careful investigation of this subject.
the successful exploitation of electron cooling in several heavy ion storage rings the possibility of generating crystalline ion beams became more realistic. New cooling methods, like laser cooling, give a further opportunity to reach an ultracold system of particles necessary for the state transition to the crystalline configuration.
nceptual design of a low-energy heavy-ion storage ring, called CRYSTAL, proposed for the experimental demonstration of crystalline beams at Legnaro Laboratories is presented. The physics of crystalline beams as well as the main criteria to design a storage ring suitable to crystallize ion beams are discussed. The effects of instabilities for space charge dominated beams, shear forces in dipole magnets and lattice periodicity breaking are also discussed in detail.
