Analysis of Energy Optimized Hierarchical Routing Protocols in WSN

Modern wireless sensor network can be expanded into large geographical areas via cheap sensor devices which can sustain themselves with limited energy and developing an energy efficient protocol is a major challenge. Currently, routing in the wireless sensor network faces multiple challenges, such as new scalability, coverage, packet loss, interference, real-time audio and real time video streaming, weather reports, energy constraints and so forth. Clustering sensor nodes is an effective topology control approach. LEACH is an energy efficient clustering protocol because of its nodes distribution capabilities but still it has limitations because it leads to uneven energy distribution. PEGASIS is an enhancement of LEACH using chain-based technique to optimize the energy consumption. This protocol also has certain disadvantages like delays in larger networks etc. HEED is an advanced version of protocol which removes the disadvantages of LEACH and PEGASIS by using distributed algorithm for selecting the cluster heads (CH). It does not make any assumptions about the infrastructure or capabilities of nodes. LEACH, PEGASIS and HEED routing algorithms are compared using Matlab simulation on a Wi- Max network and the results & analysis are based upon the simulation experiments. Simulation results demonstrate that HEED is effective in prolonging the network lifetime and also overcomes the disadvantages of both LEACH & PEGASIS.