Function Analysis of Gowdal-Baghche (Sunken Garden), in Traditional- Vernacular Houses of Iran

The study of architectural patterns in traditional- Vernacular houses of Iran indicates that main courtyard, gowdal-baghche (sunken garden), cellar and basement, badgir (wind-catcher), eyvan, etc. can be employed in order to conserve energy and reduce environmental pollution. One of the influential factors in the development of architecture in any region is the adjustment of buildings to its climate and environment. In the traditional architecture of Iran, sunken garden is considered to be a symbol of construction in accordance with the climatic features. Correspondingly, relying on the principles of sustainable architecture and utilization of natural energies, sunken gardens have been able to bring about climatic comfort for the residents. Aiming at the function analysis of sunken gardens, the present study examines their functional system and the construction method, and the construction materials employed, drawing on field study and analytical methods.