Use of the track structure approach in TEM

Track structures can be usefully used to understand concepts and measurements not adequately treated by conventional scattering theory using the Born approximation. An example is the impact parameter used experimentally in energy-loss and energy-dispersive spectroscopies in the transmission electron microscope. An anomaly is discussed which derives from the wave–particle duality in quantum mechanics in the context of near relativistic speeds encountered in the electron microscope.