Impression creep and other localized tests

Impression creep and impression fatigue, both using cylindrical indenters, are reviewed in this paper. For impression creep, analytical solutions and computer simulations for different situations are presented. Materials tested include metals and alloys, superplastic materials, weldments, glasses, ceramics and polymers. Viscosity measurements using indentation techniques and impression creep of thin films are discussed also. For impression fatigue, a steady state per cycle is shown and the power law dependence of maximum stress is presented. Underloading and overloading effects, as well as delayed retardation, are described. Other localized tests, such as nanoindentation, stress relaxation, impression recovery and the adhesion energy determined by impression testing, are briefly discussed also.