The role of carbazole in organic light-emitting devices

New organic oligomers and polymers based on the carbazole molecule are explored for possible applications in light-emitting devices. In one case, (butyl- or octyl-) carbazole dimers and poly (N-butyl-3,6-carbazolylene) polymer were used as the hole-transporting and light-emitting layer in multilayer light-emitting diodes (LEDs). These devices yielded bright blue light (as much as about 6000 cd m−2) with high external quantum (about 10%) and luminance efficiencies (about 2 1m W−1). The other case involved ([3-octylthiophene]-[bis-(N-ethyl or octyl carbazolylene)]) multiblock copolymers as the active emitting layer in single-layer LEDs. Color tuning was achieved in these devices by changing the number of monomer units contained in the thiophene chain. We also observed an increase of the external quantum efficiency in diodes based on the copolymers with short thiophene segments that we attributed to a more balanced charge injection.