High efficiency photonic devices made with semiconducting polymers

High performance photonic devices fabricated from conjugated polymers have been demonstrated, including light emitting diodes, light emitting electrochemical cells, photovoltaic cells, photodiodes and optocouplers. Performance parameters have been improved to levels comparable to or better than their inorganic counterparts. The operating life of the polymer light emitting diodes has been improved to the level of 103–104 hours at above 100 cd/m2. A brief review is given with emphasis on recent progress in Santa Barbara.