Title of article :
Energy hierarchy and transformity in the universe
Author/Authors :
Brown، نويسنده , , Mark T and Odum، نويسنده , , Howard T and Jorgensen، نويسنده , , S.E، نويسنده ,
Pages :
12
From page :
17
To page :
28
Abstract :
Many properties of the universe discovered in recent years by progress in astrophysics and cosmology are found consistent with the principles of energy hierarchy developed for other scales of time and space. Energy and mass are converged and concentrated by autocatalytic self organization of aggregates of matter, galaxies, stars, and black holes. As energy passes through energy transformation series, concentrations at centers increase, energy flows decrease, territories of support increase, intervals between feedback pulses to lower levels increase, and intensity of episodes of recycles of mass and energy increase. Emergy (spelled with an ‘m”) puts structures and processes on a common basis. Transformities (emergy/energy) indicate position of each form of energy of the universe in the universal energy hierarchy. High energy radiation is returned to background radiation by a dispersing cascade of absorption by matter and reradiation. The red shift increase with distance may be attributed to the greater mass and gravity of centers of systems of increasing scale. The second law of thermodynamics accounts for energy tranformations at each scale of size and time, except at the lowest level where self organization of background radiation and background materials can form an equilibrium hierarchy. Using estimates of density of the background energy and matter, a preliminary calculation is made of the sun’s share of the universe’s resources, deriving transformities of the sun, earth, and life in units of the universe’s background emergy.
Keywords :
Hierarchy , Emergy , Tranformations
Journal title :
Astroparticle Physics
Record number :
2081527
Link To Document :
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