Double-stage poly-o-phenylenediamine modification with palladium nanoparticles

Accumulation of palladium ions in poly-o-phenylenediamine (PPD) redox polymeric matrix was studied by means of cyclic voltammetry (CVA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and spectroelectrochemistry. CVA and XPS studies demonstrated nitrogen atoms binding palladium cations upon impregnation of PPD film with palladium chloride solution. Higher residual reduced or partially reduced PPD form of cathodic polymer doping was shown to increase the number of palladium cations in the polymeric matrix. AFM recorded a significant effect produced to the film surface structure by intercalation of both palladium cations and metal formed by reduction of cations.