Effect of external pressure on the dielectric temperature characteristics of cerium-modified barium titanate based ceramic

Various particle sizes of starting barium titanate were used to examine effect of external pressure on the dielectric temperature characteristics in cerium-modified barium titanate. Transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy confirmed the chemically homogeneous grain structure of the dilute solid solution of cerium-modified barium titanate. Both grain size reduction and external pressure shift the Tc to a lower temperature while shifting the tetragonal-orthorhombic (T1) and rhombohedralorthorhombic (T2) transitions to higher temperatures. In particular, the dielectric temperature characteristics of chemically homogeneous ceramic depend on the external pressure and grain size in comparison with chemically inhomogeneous ceramic.