Intercalation of 2,2′-bipyridyl, 2,4′-bipyridyl and 4,4′-bipyridyl into γ-zirconium phosphate. physical–chemical characterization and solvent effect on the intercalation

The uptake into γ-zirconium phosphate by batch method of 2,2′-bipyridyl, 2,4′-bipyridyl, and 4,4′-bipyridyl in ethanol:water solutions of various solvent ratios has been studied. The obtained materials were examined by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) techniques, and UV-vis, IR and Raman spectroscopy. It has been found that the ligand content into the exchanger depends on batch temperature, ligand:exchanger ratio in the contact batch, ethanol:water solvent ratio, and isomeric nitrogen position in the diamines. The highest uptake was obtained for the ligand 2,2′-bipyridyl with an ethanol:water ratio of 1:9.