Influence of tetrapod-shaped zinc oxide whisker on poly(vinylidene fluoride) based gel polymer electrolyte

The influence of zinc oxide whisker (ZnOw) on the ionic conductivity of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVdF) based gel polymer composite electrolyte was investigated by impedance spectroscopy. The critical volume content (Vc) to constitute the ideal network channel was calculated theoretically, and it was found that Vc was higher than that of the experimental result.