Cr3+ modified LiMn2O4 spinel intercalation cathodes through oxalic acid assisted sol–gel method for lithium rechargeable batteries

To improve the cycle performance of eco-friendly and cost-effective spinel LiMn2O4 as the cathode of 4 V class Li secondary batteries, the spinel phase LiCrxMn2 − xO4 (x = 0.01–0.20) was synthesized by soft chemistry method using oxalic acid as chelating agent. The present technique results in better homogeneity, good surface morphology, shorter heat treatment time, sub-micron sized particles, good agglomeration and better crystallinity. Electrochemical studies were monitored in the potential range of 3–4.5 V. The present paper reveals that chromium substituted manganese spinel improves the structural stability of the parent material.