X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic investigations of Cu2O nanoparticles

Cuprous oxide nanoparticles of five different sizes were obtained by electrochemical as well as chemical routes. Various capping agents were used to passivate the nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction studies show formation of single phased, cubic Cu2O nanoparticles. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic studies indicate formation of CuO phase on the surface of Cu2O nanoparticles for uncapped as well as for those, capped by tetraoctylammonium bromide. On the other hand polyacrylamide and polyvinyl pyrrolidone capped samples did not show presence of CuO. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy also indicates formation of a Cu2+ complex with the capping material on the surface of Cu2O nanoparticles. The results were discussed in terms of capability of passivation of various additives.