Genes differentially expressed by Aspergillus carbonarius strains under ochratoxin A producing conditions

Aspergillus carbonarius is an important ochratoxin A (OTA)-producing fungus that is responsible for toxin contamination of grapes and wine, coffee and cocoa. A suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) approach was performed with two strains of A. carbonarius, antagonistic in their OTA-production ability, to identify genes whose expression is linked with the ability to produce OTA. BlastX analysis identified 109 differentially-expressed sequences putatively involved in the production of OTA, with significant similarities (Evalue < 10− 5) to sequences deposited in the NCBI non-redundant protein database. Of the 109 ESTs, 26% were involved in regulation processes, 15% corresponded to hypothetical proteins, 12% were involved in stress response and detoxification, 9% corresponded to transport and secretion processes, 7% corresponded to amino acid metabolism, 7% were involved in hydrolysis of energy reserves and 5% involved in secondary metabolism. Other unisequences showed homology to genes involved in protein synthesis and general metabolism. According to their sequence similarities to genes in the NCBI database, the possible functional roles they might play in the production and regulation of OTA are discussed. Worth noting is the high percentage of genes involved in regulation, including specific and global regulators. It is also important to note the high percentage of genes involved in the response to stress and detoxification.