Enterotoxigenic potential of coagulase-negative staphylococci

Staphylococci are a worldwide cause of human and animal infections including life-threatening cases of bacteraemia, wound infections, pyogenic lesions, and mastitis. Enterotoxins produced by some staphylococcal species were recognized as causative agents of staphylococcal food poisoning (SFP), being also able to interrupt human and animal immune responses. Only enterotoxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus were as yet well characterized. Much less is known about enterotoxigenic potential of coagulase-negative species of genus Staphylococcus (CNS). The pathogenic role of CNS and their enterotoxigenicity in developing SFP has not been well established. Although it has been reported that enterotoxigenic CNS strains have been associated with human and animal infections and food poisoning, most of research lacked a deeper insight into structure of elements encoding CNS enterotoxins. Recent studies provided us with strong evidence for the presence and localization of enterotoxin-coding elements in CNS genomes and production of enterotoxins. Thus, the importance of pathogenic potential of CNS as a source of staphylococcal enterotoxins has been highlighted in human and animal infections as well as in food poisoning.