Antioxidant and prooxidant effects of quercetin on glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

Anti- and prooxidant properties of quercetin under different conditions were investigated using glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, a glycolytic enzyme containing essential cysteine residues. Quercetin was shown to produce hydrogen peroxide in aqueous solutions at pH 7.5, this resulting in the oxidation of the cysteine residues of the enzyme. Quercetin significantly increased oxidation of GAPDH observed in the presence of ferrous ions, particularly when FeSO4 was added to the solution containing GAPDH and quercetin. The results suggest the formation of hydroxyl radical in the case of the addition of FeSO4 to a quercetin solution. At the same time, quercetin protects GAPDH from oxidation in the presence of ascorbate and Fe3+. In the absence of metals, quercetin protects SH-groups of GAPDH from oxidation by the superoxide anion generated by the system containing xanthine/xanthine oxidase.