Structure and function of plant acyl-CoA oxidases

Acyl-CoA oxidases (in peroxisomes) and acyl-CoA dehydrogenases (in mitochondria) catalyse the first step in fatty acid β-oxidation, the pathway responsible for lipid catabolism and plant hormone biosynthesis. The interplay and differences between peroxisomal and mitochondrial β-oxidation processes are highlighted by the variation in the enzymes involved. Structure and sequence comparisons are made with a focus on the enzymeʹs mechanistic means to control electron transfer paths, reactivity towards molecular oxygen, and spatial and architectural requirements for substrate discrimination.