A polyacetylene from Gymnaster koraiensis exerts hepatoprotective effects in vivo and in vitro

In the present study, we isolated a polyacetylene, gymnasterkoreayne B (GKB), from Gymnaster koraiensis and investigated the effect of GKB on the protection from oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity through induction of the expression of cellular defense enzymes. GKB induced mRNA expression and enzyme activity of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) in vitro and in vivo, and potently increased expression of many cellular defense genes including glutathione-S-transferases, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, and glutathione reductase (GSR) in normal rat liver. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) which is known to induce various antioxidant and cytoprotective genes, and the genes containing the antioxidant response element (ARE), including NQO1, hemeoxygenease-1, GSR were induced by GKB in HepG2 human hepatocarcinoma cells. Pre-treatment of the cells with GKB accelerated the production of glutathione and mitigated menadione-induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells. Taken together, we found that GKB was a novel inducer of phase II detoxification enzymes and cellular defense enzymes, resulting in protection of the cells from oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity through regulation of detoxifying and antioxidant systems.