Investigations on N-rich protein (NRP) of Arabidopsis thaliana under different stress conditions

Stress response and adaptation are important physiological mechanisms in plants. As plants are not able to avoid stressful environments by moving away, as animals, they have developed diverse mechanisms to respond to stressful situations. One of the genes involved in these mechanisms is NRP (Asparagine-rich protein or N-rich protein). In this study, NRP expression, protein localization and nrp knockout plants were investigated for further understanding of NRP function. NaCl-induced salt stress, oxidative stress (ozone exposure) and mechanical perturbation (touch treatment) were used to induce abiotic stress. NRP expression was up-regulated in the early phase of stress response to all three elicitors. Stressed nrp knockout seedlings revealed a more pronounced growth inhibition compared to wildtype (salt and osmotic stress). Seedlings showed NRP–GFP expression in the apical meristem, leaf veins, central cylinder, root hair zone and root tip. Analyses of NRP–GFP localization in root cells and protoplasts revealed cytosolic distribution under non-stress conditions and translocation of NRP–GFP to mitochondria due to stress response. Summarizing, our findings point to a contribution of NRP in signal transduction of the initial phase of general stress response in Arabidopsis thaliana.