Metallothioneins attenuate paraquat-induced acute lung injury in mice through the mechanisms of anti-oxidation and anti-apoptosis

Paraquat (PQ) is a widely used herbicide, and lung is the primary target of PQ poisoning. Metallothionein (MT) is a potent antioxidant and free radical scavenger, and has been shown to play a protective role in lung injury induced by different stressors. This study was undertaken to evaluate the protective potential of MT against PQ-induced acute lung injury using MT-I/II null (MT−/−) mice. Wild-type (MT+/+) mice and MT−/− mice were given one intragastric administration of 50 mg/kg PQ for 24 h, and it was revealed that MT−/− mice were more susceptible to PQ-induced acute lung injury than MT+/+ mice evidenced by the following findings. As compared with MT+/+ mice, MT−/− mice presented more severe histopathological lesions in the lung, higher pulmonary malondialdehyde content, and more reduced pulmonary antioxidative enzymes activities. PQ also induced more apoptosis in pneumocytes from MT−/− mice, and the expressions of apoptosis-related proteins Bax, Bcl-2, cleaved-caspase-3, and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 were all more significantly increased in PQ-treated MT−/− mice. Our results clearly demonstrate that endogenous MT can attenuate PQ-induced acute lung injury, possibly through the mechanisms of anti-oxidation and anti-apoptosis.