Hydrothermal synthesis of Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 fine powders

The effects of processing parameters on the growth and morphology of hydrothermally derived Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 (BNT) powders were investigated. The BNT powders were synthesized in alkaline solution at temperatures of 160–220 °C from Ti(OC4H9)4 and Bi(NO3)3·5H2O compounds. Alkaline concentration had a great effect on the phase composition and morphology of the resultant powders. BNT phase was not obtained with NaOH concentrations lower than 0.5 or higher than 14 M. The morphology of BNT powders changed from spherical agglomerates to uniform cubic particles with NaOH concentrations in the range 2–12 M. The sizes of the cubic particles were about 3.5–5.5 μm with a typical Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 structure.